Parliament has officially been suspended for five weeks, with MPs not due back until 14 October.
Amid unusual scenes in the House of Commons, some MPs protested against the suspension and held up signs saying “silenced”.
It comes after PM Boris Johnson’s bid to call a snap election in October was defeated for a second time.
Opposition MPs refused to back it, insisting a law blocking a no-deal Brexit must be implemented first.
In all, 293 MPs voted for the prime minister’s motion for an early election, far short of the two thirds needed.